Unix Permissions Calculator

Owner has read/write/execute; group and others have read/execute only. Common for executables and directories.

Owner has read/write; group and others have read only. Standard for regular files like configs and HTML.

Owner has read (4), write (2), and execute (1) = 7. Group has read (4) and execute (1) = 5. Others have read (4) and execute (1) = 5. Symbolically: rwxr-xr-x.

Typically 644 (rw-r--r--) for files and 755 (rwxr-xr-x) for directories. Never use 777 on a production server as it grants write access to everyone.

For directories, the execute bit means permission to enter (cd into) the directory and access its contents. Without it, you cannot list or access files inside even if you have read permission.

Run chmod [octal] [file] in your terminal. Example: chmod 755 myscript.sh makes the file readable and executable by everyone but only writable by the owner.